Busy test system



Jan. 1, 1946. T A. E. JOEL, JR 2,392,090

BUSY TEST SYSTEM ATTOP/VFV Filed Feb. 2o. i945 16 Sheets-Sheet 2 A r Ton/VB Jan. n, wwf A. E. JOEL, JR 2,392,090

BUSY TEST SYSTEM Filed Feb. 2o, l'19443 1e sheets-sheet s /NVE/VTR A. E JOEL l ATTORNEY sus sa' Jan.1,1946. A. E. JOEL-JR T 2,392,090

' BUSY TEST SYSTEM i Filed Feb. 20, 1943 A16A SheetS-Shee'f 4 l nl. l |l Anoka/V511 BUSY TEST SYSTEM FiledFb. 20. 1945 16 sheets-sheet 5 /NVENTOR By A5 JOEL JR.

A [TQQ/VE Y Jan. l, 1946. A, E. JOEL, JR 2,392,090

BUSY TEST SYSTEM 4 Filed Feb.' 20, '1945 16 sheets-sheet e A. E JOEL Jl?. By v A. E'. JOEL, JR

BUSY TEST SYSTEM Filed Feb. 20, 194s v /NI/ENTOR A. E, JOEL JR. BV

A l 1 'f Jan. l, 1946.

Jan. 1, 1946. A. E. JOELJR BUSY TEST SYSTEM Filed Feb. 2o, 1943 16 sheets-sheet` 8 /An/E/v'rof?` AE. JEL JR.

Jan.,1946} A.E.JOEL,JR

BUSY TEST SYSTEM Filed Feb. 20, 1943 16 Sheets-Sheet 9 /NVENTOR A E. JOEL JIA.

ATTORNEY Jan. l, 1946. v A. E. JOEL, .JR 2,392,090

BUSY TEST SYSTEM I i Filed Feb. 2o, 194s` 1e Sheets-sheet 1o y WEA/Ton A E JOEL JR By f r' fr Jan. l, 1946. A. E.v JOEL, JR

` BUSY TEST SYSTEM 16 heats-sheet 11 Filed Feb. 2o, 1943 ATTORNEY /NVE/v TOR A. E JOEL JR.

FIG /8 A. E. JOEL, JR

BUSY TEST SYSTEM Filed Fb; 2o, 1943 AT rom/EV 16 Sheets-Sheet 13 /Nl/EN TOR Jan. 1, 1946. l A. ETJOEL, A2,392,090 i BUSY TEST SYSTEM Filed Feb. 2o, '1943 1e sheets-sheet 14 @gy-L Lw@ FLT LTI@L @Ng D S LL i..

' /Nl/ENTOR AE JOE/ JR.

ArToR'A/Er Jan. l, 1946. A. E. JOEL, JR 2,392,090

' BUSY TEST SYSTEM Filed Feb. 20,*1943 1e sheets-sheet 15 T* LLL FIG 20 v I E/0 l //a By A. EJOEL JR A T To @MEV l Lg-Lim@ @lbf @ha @4m @ha @1w-T wlw-TL ha Jan. 1, 1946. A. E. JOELJR 2,392,090

BUSY TEST SYSTEM Filed Feb. zo, 194s ,1e sheets-sheet 1e I /Nl/ENTO y A. E Joa JR,

Patented Jan. l, 1946 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEy BUSY TEST SYSTEM Amos E. Joel, Jr., NewuYork, N. Y., assignor to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a. corporation of New York Application February 20, 1943, Serial No. 476,514 9 Claims. 179-1752) This invention relates to testing devices and particularly to means for testing the busy conditions of groups of similar electrical circuits.

The object of the present invention is to periodically test the busy condition of the lines of a L,

group and upon each test to establish a marking condition which will be found when such group is approached in regular service. If al1 the lines of the group are busy then a group busy condition is established which condition remains fixed regardless of any change in condition of any of the lines within the group until another test is made. If such tests are made at frequent intervals a common testing device may be used instead of the individual means heretofore employed. While theoretically the individual testing devices are more accurate in instantaneously reporting the conditions obtaining at any instant, it has been found that the present arrangement is practically advantageous since the saving of time achieved thereby is of more importance than an occasional calldirected over an alternative route.

In accordance with the present invention all circuits tol be tested are connected, group by group, by means of multicontact relays to a common testing circuit. At the same time certain group busy relays are also connected to the common testing circuit so that their condition may be changed in accordance with the condition in which the individual circuits of the corresponding groups are found.

A feature of the invention is a common testing circuit in vcombination with means for temporarily ist associating such circuit both with a group of similar circuits and with a marking device for tempo.- rarily displaying the condition of such group of circuits until a succeeding test can be made.

Further in accordance with the invention the groups of similar electrical circuits to be tested are divided into subgroups so that a xed size common testing device may be used to full capacity. Therefore, the device includes a number of so-called pattern relays each one acting to notify the testing circuit which particular pattern of subgroups is under test. l l

Another feature of the invention is a testing device including a plurality of pattern relays each functioning to condition the said testing circuit forv cooperating with a different pattern of subgroups of similar electrical circuits.

Another feature isa testing circuit for successively testing a plurality of similar circuits in com bination with a pattern determining means for marking the end of each'group of such circuits. The total capacity of the testing device may be divided into any number of various patterns of group sizes and the pattern determining means is employed to control the testing device so that the group busy marking means may be properly controlled.

Another feature is a chain testing circuit for simultaneously testing a plurality of similar circuits in combination with a pattern determining means for working the said chain circuit to simultaneously test a plurality of groups of such lines and to report to l and control a busy marking means associated with each such group.

Still another feature is a pattern determining means for breaking a chain circuit into a plurality of smaller chains each capable of separately performing the functions of the whole. In accordance with this feature the whole chain may be successively broken up into any number of different patterns at high speed eac-h division being of a temporary nature.

Other features will appear hereinafter.

The drawings consist of sixteen sheets having twenty-one figures, as follows: Y

Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram showing one species of the invention in which the lines of a group are tested sequentially;

Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing how Figs. 7 to 12 inclusive, are to be placed together to form a complete circuit diagram of the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 1 ;v

Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a vsecond species of the invention in which the lines of a group are tested simultaneously;

Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing how Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14 and 15 are to be placed together to form a complete circuit diagram or the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a third species of the invention in which the lines of a group are tested simultaneously; V

Fig. 6 is a block diagram showing how Figs. 7, 8, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 andZl are to be placed together to form a complete circuit diagram of the ar'- rangement illustrated in Fig. 5; Y

Figs. 7 and 8 are circuit diagrams representing various sized groups of lines arranged in various patterns;

Figs. 9 and 10 are circuit diagrams showing the multi-contact relays for connecting the various groups of lines and their associated group relays to the common testing apparatus;

Fig. 10 also shows the chain sequence circuit for controlling the operation of the said multicontact rangements of Figs.1 and 3;

Fig. 11 is a circuit diagram showing the a1'- rangement of the common pattern relays of the type used in the arrangement of Fig. 1;

Fig. 12 is a circuit diagram showing the type of common testing circuit employed in the arrangement of Fig. 1;

Fig. 13 is a circuit diagram similar to that of Fig. 11 showing the arrangementfqt thechomlnori peti/elfo` ieleyefof. the Woe ooe-o1 mme. arreueef ment of Fig. 3;

Figs. 14 and 15 are circuit diagrams showing the. l common testing relays used in the arrangement of Fig.3;

Figs. 16 and 17 are circuit diagrams simi-lar. to. Figs. 9 and 10 showing the connecting the various groups of: lines, andtheir.l group relays to the commontestihg means. 17 in a manner similar to Fig. 10` also shows the chain sequence circuit for controllingA the. said multicontact relays.' This arrangement isuse'd 20 if) .theerreoeemeof ofifie 5? 18V-,isla circuit showing the arr ng me t ofthe common pattern relays used in the arrangement of Fig. Briand,

tactrelaref lo..

Figs.4 1Q, 20 ,and 2 1*v are circuit diagrams show- 25 'oe the commet.. testine relerejfoedin the. er-

intentions deoleeflhereo alte, intended orimelily. to heuse@ io. large telephone systeme llliimey'be applied elsewhere'- Generellyeoeak- 80 ing"there are al'` largenumber of groups or lines sueltasv oooduotor I ovhih, mayoelthe-s1eeve of Whoh'ieeroooded when lo uee- Aseoo'ateowuri each group of lines. is. e oook. group busy relay! whose'function itv is, to transfer ajlead a; from anormal. rqugtgmirckun 4 1:0 arr alter-pate rbu't cn-cuius, if. au' thev 'trunks or o the. group inciidng-theconunetr Lareguusyfthen itis Vde'- sireiiy to Haye the trunk g1oup,l: ilslaylv 2. op.-

In. `armanner .to be morejully, described here,- l

inafter a test relay I.willxbecome.energized when the rst trunk of the groupisreachediby thearrn 'I andwill remanoperated. only so.1ong. as all the trunks. of. the group;test. busy., Ifa. al1 Athetrunks of the group arefound tobe lousy. then` whenthe ,so

arml 'Lis on.' the contact connectedto. theglast trunk of fthe. group. a circuitfor thetrunk. group relay ^2 will be establishedfrom.batteryfront contact and armatureofirelay I0; lef-t-handvwind ingrx of" relay I I., normali contactsl of/armatur 3 of-fielay 'I 2'; switch? armg, frontl contact andi ar.- mature of pattern relay 8 a front contactland'armature offI relay (-3v` the winding of trunk group busy relay A2 to ground. Relay 2`willrescond'and lock`V over resistance I3`V to battery. other hand a single one ofthe trunks `in* thegroup had been foundtobme idle'the relay I I)v 'would have beenf releasedV and hen'ce'g'round would-have b`e`eri 'corinectedt 'itsaiflmatui'avmstead debat;

tery with the consequenceV thatfrelay '2-would-nt 75 thesroilptmso ,c nector relay 2I to have become operated or in case it were already locked up would be short-circuited and then released.

Since the various trunk group connector relays operate in rapid succession the interval between one and the next operation of relay 6 will loe short since it may be arranged in any desired manner. 'lnerefore, if: the. switch; rergrleserri:ecl. r bythe arm 1;' es@ e. eooverfe ironie. groep maagd al1 the trunks busy it will operate relay `2 and this relay will remain locked up in this condition until the next time that relay 6 is operated. If in the meantime one or more of the trunks of the grou-p become idlet then upon the succeeding operation ofrel'ay me.' of the group will be successirelsteeteolfanolreley 2 will be released.

Fig. 3 represents an alternative arrangement in which the-'trunk group connector relay I4 connects-each separate trunk I5 to a separate test relay I6. These test relays with their armatures and 'contacts control a chain circuit 's othat. the trunksi are tested simultaneously. If relay 'IG' ren resentsthe relay Y connected' to the las't trunk; of the group and-allfo'ffthe trunks arebusythen battery`willb e connected through the front contacts 'of these ltest relay'sfto the armature ofjl relay |-6 thence" through armature; 2u and irontcontact of pattern relay I'ha frontfcontact andflarmature of-relay I4 tothe trunrk'grfolrlpbusy relay 8. efysole, ofiih'e. trunks of vthe ero-oo. were. .Y around .et the baole'oontaotzo the loeeooi o1 test relay wouldzbe. extended overjthe'ohain A.circuit to release relou` Ht..

A point to, be. noteer.in oonneoion with, Eie- 3 ie thotloythle. operation. of pattern relay Illjloatr herrie.oonneeteoto. the .front contact.. of. 'the ohfein'relay I9; oeillet! if thuis-the rstioela'y o t A another group it, willQhafVQ the.' poperlconnecton'ffor operating "the, trunk grpupbusy [relay .of thesaid nextl group.y LfA` thepatternlrelay I1.is associated withs'onielother =patternY and relay. I @is notv the ,las.t olfl,.the, group ,then thefarmatire of relay. I li,t will Y be connected l oyer I armature 2Q and beek Contact, offrent.. 1,; t9. theffontcpntagiqx thenext.testre'zlayI9;

"Eig-I 5,2 Sho othe altelfneiire arrangement. eePeetS-ftolieell-relaaerf 3.', Hexealeo there. ie one Itest .ohrooghhe roues-group. oon.- 'each line 22.. The c hairrgcirooitthrooehftheermotusesenofoontaets rese teef elerel'ifeeotrueed* d'flereormoe er, hoY tela Eeehfke: eouleotgoffateoi; oonneoteo tov e com. hoff;aoeoieertrelaytaao o eagle, Suche costosi ie gfoulelesifforf each; aotiyef test telar-l. In Huster.- repsement*the.teetrelerA 23 ne ein ,orderbeyond the nefcolllleee tf1 bheileletlf of weerom? relayl, connected eloup. over. relayx 2ans.; connecteur'. throughy the trunk, grounconhectormelay 2 I .tothearmature 'of thegrsttestrelay of.itsgrouptundenanall trunks busy condition a circuitlwinsrue-estabiishedifrm therwinding of..relayi 2,4'. throughl the 'armatures andffiont; contacts'` ofi al1 off-the. testi relays-'in iudipgthe last tesmlayzufof-fthe group; he'ncfe over the armature andeback contacti -offy thenet test relay 243 tl'lroug'lo` an armature and'frfo'nt Contact -ofe the-pattern relayi5-tov battery. Thus thev trunk` group busy relay 21'" willbeV operated underanf alltrunk's busy! condition. f lanyfone @rane-transen iqlethenja grounul'wiilfe-fgilnect'e'd-` over the? back contact"l o'ft'he associated test relay to cause the relay 24 to release or if already released to prevent it from operating.

Conductor 26, connected to the front contact of test relay 23 and to the armature of the next test relay may be cross connected through a contact of relay 2| to the trunk group busy relay of the next group to be tested in a manner to be more fully described hereinafter.

Detailed description In Figs. 'I and 8 there are shown three different pattern arrangements of groups of lines. At the top of Fig. 7 under a bracket marked Pattern 6 there is shown a group of lines 21 andV 28, line 21 representing the first and line 23 representing the last in a group of forty-four'lines, this number being chosen since there is commercially available a simple stepping switch having this number of contacts (illustrated in Fig. 12). A group busy relay 29 is shown associated with this group of lines.

Under a bracket marked Pattern I there are shown two groups of twenty-one lines each and two associated group busy relays. Thus lines, 36, 3l and 32 represent the rst, the second and the twenty-first lines, respectively, of the rst group and relay 33 represents the group busy relay associated therewith. Lines 3d, 35 and 36 represent the first, the second and the twenty-first lines, respectively, of the second group and relay `31 represents the group busy relay associated therewith. These two groups total forty-two lines and therefore for the purposes which will appear hereinafter the fortythird and forty-fourth line terminals in the group connector relay are grounded as though connected to busy lines.

Under a bracket marked Pattern 3 there are shown eight subgroups of lines, four of five lines each and four of four lines each, totalling thirt six in all. As before, the remaining terminals which would correspond to lines thirty-seven to forty-four, inclusive, are indicated as grounded. In this pattern lines 38 and 39 represent the first and the fth lines, respectively, of the first group and relay 40 represents the group busy relay associated therewith. Likewise lines 59 and 60 represent the first and fourth lines, respectively, of the last group in this pattern and relay 6I represents the group busy relayA associated therewith.

Any convenient number of patterns may thus be provided and as will appear hereinafter there is in the common apparatus a pattern relay for each such pattern provided. A trunk group larger than forty-four lines may be served through two or more group connector relays whereupon the group busy relay will be affected as at the end of any given grouping arrangement. If for instance a group of eighty-eight lines is provided then the first forty-four would appear in a pattern arrangement which provided for no group busy relay connection and the second forty-four would appear in a Pattern 6 arrangement immediately following the first in rotation so that the group busy relay would be affected only after eighty-eight trunks have been tested. With this explanation it is believed that it will be clear how any sized trunk group may be served.

Figs. 9 and 10 show a plurality of trunk group connector relays 62, 63 and 64 representative of a large group thereof. These relays connect the lines of the groups together with the associated trunk groupvbusy relays to the common, testing apparatus. At the right in Fig. 10 there is shown' a sequence circuit for sequentiallyoperatingf the relays 62 to 64. The testing operation may be started by closing the key 65 after which the apparatus will continue to operate automatically so longas key 65 is maintained in .its operated position. t f Y Y Upon the closure of key 65 a circuit is established from ground to conductor 66, armature 2 and back contact of relay61, the similar armaturesand back'contacts of the remaining relays inthis chain, Varmature 2 and back contact of relay 66, the winding of relay 69 to battery. Relay 691 operates to cause the operation of relay 64. Also upon the operation of key 65 andas soon as switch arm 10 reaches its last contact in a manner to be more fully described hereinafter, ground will beextendedto conductor 1I thence through the normal contacts of armature 3 of relay 12, resistance 14 to` battery. Relay 12 operates 'and locks directly to ground vover its armature 3. Relay .13 also has this ground extended to its Winding but it is'short-circuited until `the ground is removed from conductor'1l. As soonas switch arm 10 moves off its lastcontact relay13 therefore becomes operated and by so doing extends a ground from conductor 66, through armature I and front contact of relay 13, armature 2 and front contact of relay 12, armature I and front contact of relay' 69 to operate the trunk group connector relay 64. This circuit condition is maintained until switch arm 16 makes a complete rotation and again sends a ground impulse over conductor 1I. l

Responsive to this impulse relay 12 rst releases and at the end of the impulse relay 13 releases. After relay 12 has released a circuitlis established from ground, :conductor 66, armature I and front contact of relay 13, armature 2 and back contact of relay 12, front contact and armature 2 of relay 69, winding of .relay 68 to battery. Relay 68 locks through its front contact and armature 2 through a chain circuit extending through the back contact and armature 2 ofthe other re-4 lays in this chain including relay 61 to ground on conductor 66. The release-of relay 13 also releases 4relay '64, and the operation of relay 68 releases relay 69. Now upon the following release of relay 13, ground is extended from conductor 66, through armature I and back contact of relay 13, armature I and back contact of relay 12, through front contact and armature I of relay 68 to cause the operation of 1 relay-63. It is believed to be obvious how through-successive applications of ground impulses to conductor 1I by switch arm 10 or other means, the trunk group connector relays 64, 63 and 62 will be successively operated.

The testing circuit is shown in Fig. 12. The

switch arms 10 and 1.6 to 19, inclusive, are mounted on the same shaft and all revolve together under control of stepping magnet 80. During one complete revolution arms 16 and 11 successively connect forty-four lines to conductor 8l. Relay 82 being now released a circuit will be established from ground, back contact and armature I of relay 82, armature 2 and back contact lof relay 83, normal contacts of armature l of relay 84 winding of relay 84 to battery. Relay 84 will become energized and will lock to a ground on conductor 8l. Upon the energization of relay 84 a circuit will be established from ground armature 'I 'andv back contact of relay 83 front contact and armature 2 of relay 84, back contact and armature of the stepping magnet to battery, whereunam the; stepping magnet throughv its .self interruptingfcontactsawillzstep-the switch anns around until-:thisfcircuitris interrupted; Inthe meantime relayziwhicliis in parallelwitli: the windingof thea stepping magnetfuhasfbecomei energizedand has'established' a'A circuitinsparallelrwith .thefront contact and armature of relay 84 so that the stepping of the switchxarms: will continue:` even after relay: 84 becomes released. RelayfM is fast to: release: and will, immediately release: either arm@ 'l-rorfarm: 1:1: encounters' amidl'e; line: Relay n; howevenisslowto release and will holdiup' averi the'interri-iptions of; its circuit by; the.` ar# mature and back. contact. off the stepping; magnet 80.*, Since: relay 82thas becomeoperatedandwill remain operated -zthroughoutf the continuous step: ping? of the.` switch armsithenrelayf if it becomes released: willzremainV unoperatedi through'- out rthe;remainderof. thisfperi-od;

When-thereud ofY ai group is-reached a connection is: made; over a circuit; to bemore fullyrdescribed. hereinafterr throughY a trunk; groupbusy relayfei'ther' switch armi '1,81' or 13;:.front contact andia-rmature. 3 of relay' 812,;right hand winding otirelay, v83- to a potentiometer point between` reslstances 85.1a-nd: Standrelayf83 Awill respondres gardless .of the operated .or released-:condition of the tru-nk group busyfreiay. Relay83: opensthe circuit-for the stepping magnetf80' and theswitch arms cometofrest. onthe last contact of: the group., Relay 82.I shortly.. thereafterA releases: and azcircuitl is :now established. over 'the normal .scans tacts-of armaturecS olf.` relay; 82,' .front contact and armature 3 of relay 83, left handwindingfof relay; 83,-. to'armature' of relay' 84 andithisrrelay imaccordance with its: operated'k orreleased"V condition at this-time will-determine the condition irrfyvhichthe.tran-l;` groupwbusyirelay is .ator be: left;

The'purp'ose: of theyleft-hand winding ofrelay sssiszto check the operation of theztrunk. vgrcuip busy relay. If such. relay; is"unoperated=and in accordance withf the condition of:` relay 84? it isfto be operated, then relay-83 will beheldfthrough'its left-hand wind-ing untill the trunk. groupibusy re;- laygha-s operated and connectecl'its holding bat-Vv teryto'. its` Winding. If. the'V trunk? group; busy? re'- lay isoperated andis-to bezlreleased, thenrelay 83f-is.' -heldthrough, its left-handlwindingiuntilithe trunk group-v busy; relay-reieases-.and establishes aground toigroundlcircuit. Inl'either of theother two casesV -where they trunkY group` busy relay is tofbe `left in, the condition'rin` Whichit isfound the left-handwinding ofrelay, 83"is:r.ineifective and relay- 83- will release.:

Ihe` armature ,-3 andfront contact :oft *relay 83 isfprovidedf to insureagainst a false. operationfot the; trunk group busy; relay; when. operations. Vfor testing the next group are started.

Ln a' short interval, then,rre1ay: Sswilln release whereupon theoperations jus-t zdescribedff. willbe. repeated withfrespect to the-nextzgroupoftnunksi. Ifvrelayvkis still-operated on therlalsti testa ci fthe' preceding. group` therelease ot relayf :Willz'irn'd mediately start, the'stepping; magnet againfand cause.-the. energ-ivzationi4 ofarelayuif. It; relay 83% isfreleasedit Ywill rstzbecome -energized.;as.;.be.-=. fore.- and vthen-start theb stepping; and.y cans@ the. energizationxofrelay 82'.. If; asrwhenfthercon.- nectorfrelayrGZVisf energized the apparentirst Contact of the-next groupi is contact4 tlt'lfiiryvil-ll find this and. the neXt.-succeeding;sevencontacts artificially. grounded so: thatirelay vS'IIlwiillc be maintained.. operated until the -iirsir contact ot the-next groupi is..encounteredfbyswitch 'ai-.milite Lookingat` itfwiliabefnotcd thatleacli escaneo of thetrunlc group connector relays has one contact.` provided: to operate a pattern relay and as many contactsprbvided as are necessary to connecti the trunk group busyA relays to the pattern relays; Thusrelay 64 isi provided with. its extraine*letti-hand. armature anda contact leading to'patternrelay 88. Itlwill benoted in Fig. 9 that the armatures andcontact's of theftrunk group connector relays are spread out somewhat. This is done to make1 thecircuit4 arrangement clear anddoes not indicate any peculiar physical arrangement in the relay itself. Similarly lin Fig. 11.` thearmaturesV andcontacts of the pattern relays are spread out" in a. manner designed to make` the. circuit operations clear and doesnct reflect any peculiar physical construction. of the relays. Thus pattern relay 88 isa simple relay having. a single armature and a front.A contact of ordinaryfdesign-and pattern relay. 89 isa simi larrelay providedwith two armaturesand their front contacts. The vertical leads connected. to the.. front contacts of these pattern relays` are connected.- to the bank contacts of switch arms 'i8 and '19.and serve tomakeconnectionsior the testwhich determines-the. endfof'the group and dicatedin. Fig. 4 isgoneiin which a, testing relay isconnected to each line. and aatest isthenmade by. a chain circuit controlled by these. relays. Thus relays al. and 92 are. connected tof-therst twocontacts of the. trunkj groupconnector relays andrelay 8S; isA` connected to-tlie last If, by way of` exam-ple,-` connector. relay 64 is; op'- erated: and f everyone. of the rforty-four trunks were busy then all of the relaysfin. line from Ell to- 8 wouldrespond and closea-complete chain fromba'ttery-oni thef-front-,contact of4 relay 9|. to the .armatureeot relay SSI-which might then be. traced throughY the armaturer and frontcon'- tactot pattern relay- 93, the next'to the extreme left. contact.` and^armature of. relay 64-tofthe trunk.. group busy relay 29. If. there Wei'efon'ly l`one-.pattern.suchwasthat providedby relay-93 thenthe.e chai-n controlled by the test relays Wouldbe simple;the armature-*ofi each beingconnectedto the. 4frontA Contact. of themext. Howeyer, to =provide=for breakingzthi's chainV into a number ofsmaller chains eachfappropriate for a smaller group certain contactarrangements arefprovided. by the patternrelaysf Thus a connectionmaybe tracedfrom. the: armature of' test relay 94; through arma-ture.- 2. and back-"contact of pattern relay 95-to=the-'frontcontactoftest relay 96since pattern relayis not energized a-t this time;

In: the case iwherefconnector-relay 62 isf energized.- and-where therefore'pattern relay 95 is energized, then thefarmaturefoff relay 94, which ist thela-strelay.n of. the group; is connected through.; armature-2--a=nd front: contact. of relay 95.and: thence-to trunk-group; busy relay "40; At the .Sametime the armature-I ofirelay 55. connects batteryA tofth'efffrontfcontact of `testr relay sof thatfthisrela-ynrayrnow act asxthe rst of-'a group'."

If'l any two='or morepatterns happen to involve the-samegroupnumber then they armature o1" the .test relay will thread through two or more pattern. relay contacts-ini an obvious. chain circuit thereinzry thisffarrangement .since the testing of all the. lines" 1isf/done. simultaneous'l'yi'a'nd there isjno sW-itcli-I armlsuch as 'ID toperiodically apply a 

